உலகின் தலை சிறந்த 200 பல்கலைக்கழகங்கள்! இந்தியா இடம்பெறவில்லை!!

சிறந்த உலக பல்கலைக்கழகங்களின் தரவரிசைப் பட்டியலில் 200 இடங்களுக்குள் ஒரு இந்திய கல்வி நிறுவனம் கூட இடம்பெறாததை அடுத்து இந்தியா உயர்கல்விக்கு அதிக முக்கியத்துவம் அளிக்க வேண்டும் என்பது தெளிவாகிறது.

“Times Higher Education” டைம்ஸ் ஹையர் எஜுகேஷன் இதழ் எடுத்துள்ள சிறந்த பல்கலைக் கழகங்களின் தரவரிசைப் பட்டியலில் பிரிட்டன் பல்கலைக்கழகங்களான ஆக்ஸ்போர்ட், காம்பிரிட்ஜ், இம்பீரில் காலேஜ் லண்டன் ஆகியவை முன்னணி வகிக்கின்றன.

மேலும் குறிப்பிடத்தக்க வகையில் பல்கலைகளின் 200 இடங்களில் 75 அமெரிக்கப் பல்கலைகள் இடம்பெற்றுள்ளது.

அடுத்தபடியாக 32 பிரிட்டன் பல்கலைகளையும், ஜெர்மனி (12), நெதர்லாந்து (12), கனடா (9) இடங்களையும் பிடித்துள்ளன.

எப்போதும் 200 இடங்களுக்குள் வரும் இந்திய பல்கலைகள் இந்த ஆண்டு அந்த வாய்ப்பை இழந்துவிட்டன. இதற்குக் காரணம்,இந்த பட்டியலில் சேர்க்க தேவையான தகுதிகள் முழுவதும் உள்ள இந்திய பல்கலை ஒன்று கூட இல்லை என்று கூறப்பட்டுள்ளது.

இதன் மூலம் வரும்காலத்தில் இந்தியா உயர்கல்விக்கு அதிக முக்கியத்துவம் அளிக்க வேண்டும் என்பது தெளிவாகிறது.

தகவல் நிறுத்து வைக்கப்பட்டுள்ள பட்டியலில் இந்திய கல்வி நிறுவனம: மும்பையில் உள்ள இந்திய தொழில்நுட்ப பலகலைக்கழகம் மட்டும் தான் பட்டியலில் இடம் பெற்றுள்ளது (300-350 தரவரிசையில்)!!

கிழே உள்ள பட்டியல் உலகில் தலை சிறந்த 200 பல்கலைக்கழகங்கள்!

World Rank	Institution	Country / Region	Overall score change criteria
1	California Institute of Technology	United States	94.8
2	Harvard University	United States	93.9
2	Stanford University	United States	93.9
4	University of Oxford	United Kingdom	93.6
5	Princeton University	United States	92.9
6	University of Cambridge	United Kingdom	92.4
7	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	United States	92.3
8	Imperial College London	United Kingdom	90.7
9	University of Chicago	United States	90.2
10	University of California, Berkeley	United States	89.8
11	Yale University	United States	89.1
12	Columbia University	United States	87.5
13	University of California, Los Angeles	United States	87.3
14	Johns Hopkins University	United States	85.8
15	ETH Zürich – Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich	Switzerland	85
16	University of Pennsylvania	United States	84.9
17	University College London	United Kingdom	83.2
18	University of Michigan	United States	82.8
19	University of Toronto	Canada	81.6
20	Cornell University	United States	80.5
21	Carnegie Mellon University	United States	78.4
22	University of British Columbia	Canada	77.4
22	Duke University	United States	77.4
24	Georgia Institute of Technology	United States	77
25	University of Washington	United States	76.5
26	Northwestern University	United States	76.2
27	University of Wisconsin-Madison	United States	75.8
28	McGill University	Canada	75.5
29	University of Texas at Austin	United States	74.9
30	University of Tokyo	Japan	74.3
31	University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign	United States	74.2
32	Karolinska Institute	Sweden	73.1
33	University of California, San Diego	United States	73
34	University of Hong Kong	Hong Kong	72.3
35	University of California, Santa Barbara	United States	72.1
36	University of Edinburgh	United Kingdom	72
37	University of Melbourne	Australia	71.9
38	Australian National University	Australia	71.2
38	University of California, Davis	United States	71.2
40	National University of Singapore	Singapore	70.9
41	Washington University in St Louis	United States	70.5
42	University of Minnesota	United States	70
43	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	United States	69.3
44	New York University	United States	69
45	Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München	Germany	67.6
46	École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne	Switzerland	66.3
47	London School of Economics and Political Science	United Kingdom	66
48	University of Manchester	United Kingdom	65.7
49	Brown University	United States	65.6
49	Peking University	China	65.6
51	Pennsylvania State University	United States	64.9
52	Kyoto University	Japan	64.8
53	Pohang University of Science and Technology	Republic of Korea	64.6
54	Boston University	United States	64.2
55	University of Southern California	United States	64
56	King’s College London	United Kingdom	63.2
57	Ohio State University	United States	63
58	University of Sydney	Australia	62.4
59	École Normale Supérieure	France	62
59	University of Pittsburgh	United States	62
61	University of Zürich	Switzerland	61.9
62	Hong Kong University of Science and Technology	Hong Kong	61.7
63	École Polytechnique	France	61.5
64	University of Massachusetts	United States	61.1
65	McMaster University	Canada	61
66	University of Bristol	United Kingdom	60.9
67	Katholieke Universiteit Leuven	Belgium	60.8
68	Utrecht University	Netherlands	60.4
69	Georg-August-Universität Göttingen	Germany	60.3
70	Vanderbilt University	United States	59.6
71	Tsinghua University	China	59.5
72	Rice University	United States	59
73	Universität Heidelberg	Germany	58.7
74	University of Queensland Australia	Australia	58.6
75	Emory University	United States	57.4
75	Wageningen University and Research Center	Netherlands	57.4
77	University of Colorado Boulder	United States	57.3
77	Tufts University	United States	57.3
79	Leiden University	Netherlands	57
80	Lund University	Sweden	56.9
81	University of Rochester	United States	56.8
81	Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey	United States	56.8
83	Durham University	United Kingdom	56.4
84	Université Pierre et Marie Curie	France	56
85	University of St Andrews	United Kingdom	55.7
86	University of California, Irvine	United States	55.4
87	Uppsala University	Sweden	55.2
88	Technische Universität München	Germany	55.1
89	University of Notre Dame	United States	55
90	Dartmouth College	United States	54.9
91	University of Helsinki	Finland	54.8
92	University of Amsterdam	Netherlands	54.7
93	Case Western Reserve University	United States	54.6
94	Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology	Republic of Korea	54.5
94	University of Maryland, College Park	United States	54.5
96	Michigan State University	United States	54.4
97	University of Arizona	United States	54.2
98	Purdue University	United States	54
99	University of Sussex	United Kingdom	53.9
100	University of Alberta	Canada	53.7
101	University of Sheffield	United Kingdom	53.6
102	University of Glasgow	United Kingdom	53.4
103	University of Cape Town	South Africa	53.2
104	Delft University of Technology	Netherlands	53.1
104	University of Montreal	Canada	53.1
106	Ghent University	Belgium	53
107	Royal Holloway, University of London	United Kingdom	52.9
108	Tokyo Institute of Technology	Japan	52.8
109	Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin	Germany	52.6
110	University of California, Santa Cruz	United States	52.5
111	Universität Basel	Switzerland	52.2
112	University of Bern	Switzerland	52.1
113	University of Utah	United States	51.9
114	Stony Brook University	United States	51.4
115	Eindhoven University of Technology	Netherlands	51.3
116	Université de Lausanne	Switzerland	51.2
117	Monash University	Australia	51.1
117	Trinity College Dublin	Republic of Ireland	51.1
119	Osaka University	Japan	51
120	Tohoku University	Japan	50.8
121	Hebrew University of Jerusalem	Israel	50.4
121	University of York	United Kingdom	50.4
123	Indiana University	United States	50.2
124	Seoul National University	Republic of Korea	50.1
125	Aarhus University	Denmark	50
125	University of Florida	United States	50
127	Arizona State University	United States	49.9
127	Queen Mary, University of London	United Kingdom	49.9
127	University of Southampton	United Kingdom	49.9
130	University of Geneva	Switzerland	49.8
131	Lancaster University	United Kingdom	49.7
131	Stockholm University	Sweden	49.7
133	University of Leeds	United Kingdom	49.5
134	University of Groningen	Netherlands	49.2
135	University of Copenhagen	Denmark	49
135	George Washington University	United States	49
135	University of Virginia	United States	49
138	Georgetown University	United States	48
139	University of Vienna	Austria	47.9
140	University of Nottingham	United Kingdom	47.7
141	École Normale Supérieure de Lyon	France	47.6
141	University of Iowa	United States	47.6
143	University of California, Riverside	United States	47.5
144	Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute	United States	47.4
145	University of East Anglia	United Kingdom	47.3
146	Newcastle University	United Kingdom	47
146	William & Mary	United States	47
148	University of Birmingham	United Kingdom	46.9
149	Birkbeck, University of London	United Kingdom	46.8
150	Brandeis University	United States	46.7
151	University of Aberdeen	United Kingdom	46.6
151	Chinese University of Hong Kong	Hong Kong	46.6
151	Freie Universität Berlin	Germany	46.6
154	National Taiwan University	Taiwan	46.2
154	Yeshiva University	United States	46.2
156	University of Exeter	United Kingdom	46.1
157	Erasmus University Rotterdam	Netherlands	46
157	University of Warwick	United Kingdom	46
159	University College Dublin	Republic of Ireland	45.9
159	Radboud University Nijmegen	Netherlands	45.9
159	VU University Amsterdam	Netherlands	45.9
162	Medical University of South Carolina	United States	45.8
162	Wake Forest University	United States	45.8
164	University of Reading	United Kingdom	45.7
164	Texas A&M University	United States	45.7
166	Tel Aviv University	Israel	45.4
167	University of Illinois at Chicago	United States	45.2
168	RWTH Aachen University	Germany	45.1
169	Université Catholique de Louvain	Belgium	45
169	Nanyang Technological University	Singapore	45
169	Université Paris Diderot – Paris 7	France	45
172	University of Miami	United States	44.8
173	University of Auckland	New Zealand	44.6
173	University of New South Wales	Australia	44.6
173	Queen’s University	Canada	44.6
176	University of Dundee	United Kingdom	44.5
177	University of Victoria	Canada	44.2
178	University of São Paulo	Brazil	44.1
178	Technical University of Denmark	Denmark	44.1
180	University of Delaware	United States	43.8
181	Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main	Germany	43.6
181	University of Liverpool	United Kingdom	43.6
181	University of Oslo	Norway	43.6
184	Iowa State University	United States	43.4
185	University of Ottawa	Canada	43.2
186	Pompeu Fabra University	Spain	43.1
187	KTH Royal Institute of Technology	Sweden	43
187	Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen	Germany	43
189	Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg	Germany	42.9
189	University of Western Australia	Australia	42.9
191	University of Bergen	Norway	42.8
192	University of Science and Technology of China	China	42.7
193	City University of Hong Kong	Hong Kong	42.6
194	Universität Konstanz	Germany	42.5
195	Boston College	United States	42.4
196	Karlsruhe Institute of Technology	Germany	41.6
197	Georgia Health Sciences University	United States	41.5
197	University of Leicester	United Kingdom	41.5
197	Maastricht University	Netherlands	41.5
200	University of Twente	Netherlands	41.4
201-225	University of Adelaide	Australia	Data withheld by THE
201-225	Autonomous University of Barcelona	Spain	Data withheld by THE
201-225	University of Barcelona	Spain	Data withheld by THE
201-225	Bilkent University	Turkey	Data withheld by THE
201-225	Université Libre de Bruxelles	Belgium	Data withheld by THE
201-225	University at Buffalo	United States	Data withheld by THE
201-225	Cardiff University	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
201-225	University of Cincinnati	United States	Data withheld by THE
201-225	Colorado School of Mines	United States	Data withheld by THE
201-225	University of Essex	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
201-225	University of Georgia	United States	Data withheld by THE
201-225	University of Gothenburg	Sweden	Data withheld by THE
201-225	University of Innsbruck	Austria	Data withheld by THE
201-225	University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey	United States	Data withheld by THE
201-225	Nagoya University	Japan	Data withheld by THE
201-225	National Tsing Hua University	Taiwan	Data withheld by THE
201-225	Northeastern University	United States	Data withheld by THE
201-225	University of Otago	New Zealand	Data withheld by THE
201-225	University of South Carolina	United States	Data withheld by THE
201-225	University of Strasbourg	France	Data withheld by THE
201-225	Technion Israel Institute of Technology	Israel	Data withheld by THE
201-225	Tulane University	United States	Data withheld by THE
201-225	Universität Ulm	Germany	Data withheld by THE
201-225	Umeå University	Sweden	Data withheld by THE
201-225	University of Waterloo	Canada	Data withheld by THE
201-225	University of Western Ontario	Canada	Data withheld by THE
201-225	Universität Würzburg	Germany	Data withheld by THE
226-250	University of Bologna	Italy	Data withheld by THE
226-250	University of Calgary	Canada	Data withheld by THE
226-250	Carleton University	Canada	Data withheld by THE
226-250	Chalmers University of Technology	Sweden	Data withheld by THE
226-250	Colorado State University	United States	Data withheld by THE
226-250	Creighton University	United States	Data withheld by THE
226-250	Dalhousie University	Canada	Data withheld by THE
226-250	Drexel University	United States	Data withheld by THE
226-250	Fudan University	China	Data withheld by THE
226-250	Universität Hamburg	Germany	Data withheld by THE
226-250	Korea University	Republic of Korea	Data withheld by THE
226-250	Macquarie University	Australia	Data withheld by THE
226-250	University of Milan	Italy	Data withheld by THE
226-250	University of Milan-Bicocca	Italy	Data withheld by THE
226-250	University of Missouri	United States	Data withheld by THE
226-250	National Chiao Tung University	Taiwan	Data withheld by THE
226-250	University of Padua	Italy	Data withheld by THE
226-250	Simon Fraser University	Canada	Data withheld by THE
226-250	State University of New York Albany – University at Albany	United States	Data withheld by THE
226-250	Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences	Sweden	Data withheld by THE
226-250	Tokyo Metropolitan University	Japan	Data withheld by THE
226-250	University of Trieste	Italy	Data withheld by THE
226-250	Yonsei University	Republic of Korea	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Bangor University	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
251-275	University of Bath	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Universität Bielefeld	Germany	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Ruhr-Universität Bochum	Germany	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Brunel University	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Technische Universität Dresden	Germany	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz	Austria	Data withheld by THE
251-275	University of Hawaii at Manoa	United States	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Hong Kong Polytechnic University	Hong Kong	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel	Germany	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Kyushu University	Japan	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Johannes Kepler Universität Linz	Austria	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Nanjing University	China	Data withheld by THE
251-275	National Sun Yat-Sen University	Taiwan	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Norwegian University of Science and Technology	Norway	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Queen’s University Belfast	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
251-275	University of Southern Denmark	Denmark	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Stellenbosch University	South Africa	Data withheld by THE
251-275	University of Texas at Dallas	United States	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Tilburg University	Netherlands	Data withheld by THE
251-275	University of Tsukuba	Japan	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Victoria University of Wellington	New Zealand	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University	United States	Data withheld by THE
251-275	Wayne State University	United States	Data withheld by THE
251-275	University of Witwatersrand	South Africa	Data withheld by THE
251-275	University of Wollongong	Australia	Data withheld by THE
276-300	Aberystwyth University	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
276-300	University of Antwerp	Belgium	Data withheld by THE
276-300	Autonomous University of Madrid	Spain	Data withheld by THE
276-300	University of Crete	Greece	Data withheld by THE
276-300	Technische Universität Darmstadt	Germany	Data withheld by THE
276-300	University of Guelph	Canada	Data withheld by THE
276-300	Hokkaido University	Japan	Data withheld by THE
276-300	Hong Kong Baptist University	Hong Kong	Data withheld by THE
276-300	University of Iceland	Iceland	Data withheld by THE
276-300	Istanbul Technical University	Turkey	Data withheld by THE
276-300	University of Kansas	United States	Data withheld by THE
276-300	University of Kentucky	United States	Data withheld by THE
276-300	Lomonosov Moscow State University	Russian Federation	Data withheld by THE
276-300	Middle East Technical University	Turkey	Data withheld by THE
276-300	Université Montpellier 2	France	Data withheld by THE
276-300	Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster	Germany	Data withheld by THE
276-300	The University of Newcastle	Australia	Data withheld by THE
276-300	Queensland University of Technology	Australia	Data withheld by THE
276-300	State University of Campinas	Brazil	Data withheld by THE
276-300	Sun Yat-sen University	China	Data withheld by THE
276-300	The University of Texas at San Antonio	United States	Data withheld by THE
276-300	Tokyo Medical and Dental University	Japan	Data withheld by THE
276-300	University of Trento	Italy	Data withheld by THE
276-300	University of Tromsø	Norway	Data withheld by THE
276-300	York University	Canada	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Aalborg University	Denmark	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Aalto University	Finland	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Alexandria University	Egypt	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Aveiro University	Portugal	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Bar-Ilan University	Israel	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Binghamton University, State University of New York	United States	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Bog(aziçi University	Turkey	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Canterbury	New Zealand	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Charles Darwin University	Australia	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University College Cork	Republic of Ireland	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Eastern Finland	Finland	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Ferrara	Italy	Data withheld by THE
301-350	George Mason University	United States	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Hertfordshire	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Houston	United States	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Hull	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay	India	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Jagiellonian University	Poland	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Keele University	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Keio University	Japan	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Kent State University	United States	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Lehigh University	United States	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Université de Liège	Belgium	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Linköping University	Sweden	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Manitoba	Canada	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Maryland, Baltimore County	United States	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Modena and Reggio Emilia	Italy	Data withheld by THE
301-350	National Taiwan University of Science and Technology	Taiwan	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Oklahoma	United States	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Pisa	Italy	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Plymouth University	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Polytechnic University of Milan	Italy	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Porto	Portugal	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Charles University in Prague	Czech Republic	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Sapienza University of Rome	Italy	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Shanghai Jiao Tong University	China	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Sharif University of Technology	Iran	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of South Florida	United States	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Stirling	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)	Republic of Korea	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Surrey	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Tampere	Finland	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Tasmania	Australia	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Valencia	Spain	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Vienna University of Technology	Austria	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Vrije Universiteit Brussel	Belgium	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Waikato	New Zealand	Data withheld by THE
301-350	University of Warsaw	Poland	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Washington State University	United States	Data withheld by THE
301-350	Zhejiang University	China	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Aston University	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Auburn University	United States	Data withheld by THE
351-400	University of Bari Aldo Moro	Italy	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Clemson University	United States	Data withheld by THE
351-400	University of Coimbra	Portugal	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Curtin University	Australia	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Deakin University	Australia	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Flinders University	Australia	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Georgia State University	United States	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Griffith University	Australia	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Leibniz Universität Hannover	Germany	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Harbin Institute of Technology	China	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Heriot-Watt University	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Hiroshima University	Japan	Data withheld by THE
351-400	University of Idaho	United States	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Kansas State University	United States	Data withheld by THE
351-400	University of Kent	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Kobe University	Japan	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Kyung Hee University	Republic of Korea	Data withheld by THE
351-400	La Trobe University	Australia	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Liverpool John Moores University	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Loughborough University	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Mahidol University	Thailand	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Massey University	New Zealand	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Michigan Technological University	United States	Data withheld by THE
351-400	National Central University	Taiwan	Data withheld by THE
351-400	National University of Ireland, Galway	Republic of Ireland	Data withheld by THE
351-400	National University of Ireland, Maynooth	Republic of Ireland	Data withheld by THE
351-400	National Taiwan Ocean University	Taiwan	Data withheld by THE
351-400	New Jersey Institute of Technology	United States	Data withheld by THE
351-400	New University of Lisbon	Portugal	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Old Dominion University	United States	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Université Paris 13	France	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Polytechnic University of Catalonia	Spain	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Polytechnic University of Turin	Italy	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Pontifical Catholic University of Chile	Chile	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Polytechnic University of Valencia	Spain	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Saint Petersburg State University	Russian Federation	Data withheld by THE
351-400	University of Salento	Italy	Data withheld by THE
351-400	University of South Australia	Australia	Data withheld by THE
351-400	University of Strathclyde	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Swansea University	United Kingdom	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Swinburne University of Technology	Australia	Data withheld by THE
351-400	University of Tartu	Estonia	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology	Japan	Data withheld by THE
351-400	University of Turku	Finland	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Waseda University	Japan	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Wuhan University	China	Data withheld by THE
351-400	University of Wyoming	United States	Data withheld by THE
351-400	Yuan Ze University	Taiwan	Data withheld by THE
351-400	University of Zaragoza	Spain	Data withheld by THE